Effectiveness of nursing interventions in the prevention of falls in older adults in the community and in health care settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCT.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effectiveness of fall prevention programs in people aged 65 years and older involving nursing professionals. METHODS: We included available full-text randomized clinical trials on nurse-led prevention of falls in the community in people over 65 years of age and reporting the incidence of such falls. An extensive search was performed in 14 databases covering the period 2016-2018 for publications in English, French, Portuguese and Spanish. The quality of the papers was assessed independently and blindly by reviewers working in pairs using the risk of bias dominios of the Cochrane Collaboration. The hazard ratio was used as a measure of the effect size of the incidence of falls. A random-effects model was assumed for statistical analyses. The influence of moderator variables of the studies on the effect sizes was performed using ANOVAs and its 95% CI for each moderator category. RESULTS: A total of 31 randomized clinical trials were selected with 25,551 participants. The most frequent type of intervention was education (57.1%), followed by multifactorial models (37.1%). The probability of falling was significantly reduced by 13% in the intervention groups compared to the control groups (RR+=0.87). Multifactorial (RR+=0.89) and education-based (RR=+0.84) interventions significantly reduced the probability of falls by 11% and 16%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Discarding publication bias prevention programs carried out by nurses produce a significant 10% reduction in falls. Education-based and multifactorial interventions are the most effective when conducted by nurses.

Impact of hospitalization on nutritional status in persons aged 65 years and over (NUTRIFRAG Study): Protocol for a prospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a recurring problem that has become more relevant in recent years. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of malnutrition and nutritional status on admission and its evolution until discharge in patients aged 65 and over admitted to medical and surgical hospitalization units in hospitals of the Spanish National Health System. METHODS: Prospective observational study to be carried out in the medical-surgical hospitalization units of 9 public hospitals between 01/09/2022 and 31/12/2024. Using consecutive sampling, a total of 4077 patients will be included (453 in each hospital). Variables included are related to the care process, functionality, cognition and comorbidity, risk profile, nutritional status and dysphagia; as well as frailty, dietary quality and contextual variables. The incidence of risk of malnutrition, undernutrition and dysphagia during the care process and at discharge will be calculated. The association with risk factors will be studied with logistic regression models and multivariate Cox regression models. In addition, an analysis of participants' satisfaction with food services will be carried out. The study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee on 30/09/2020, approved for funding on 02/12/2021 and with registration number RBR-5jnbyhk in the Brazilian clinical trials database (ReBEC) for observational studies. DISCUSSION: Some studies address nutritional status or dysphagia in older people in various care settings. However, there is a lack of large sample studies including both processes of the impact of hospitalization. The results of the project will provide information on the incidence and prevalence of both pathologies in the study subjects, their associated factors and their relationship with the average length of stay, mortality and early readmission. In addition, early detection of a problem such as malnutrition related to the disease and/or dysphagia during a hospital stay will favor the action of professionals to resolve both pathologies and improve the health status of patients.

[Evaluation of a community-based intervention to increase influenza vaccination coverage in pregnant women]. / Evaluación de una intervención comunitaria para incrementar la cobertura vacunal de la gripe en mujeres embarazadas.

OBJECTIVE: To know the impact of the educational intervention carried out on the professionals of a basic health area and their community participation group, which make up the intervention group (IG), and to analyze its repercussion on the vaccination coverage achieved for influenza in the risk group (pregnant and puerperal women) comparing it with its neighboring basic zone, which makes up the control group (CG), during the 2019/20 vaccination season. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental study of community intervention. SITE: Two basic health zones belonging to the Elche-Crevillente health department, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: Pregnant and postpartum women from 2 basic health areas and the community participation group. Health professionals directly related to the flu vaccination campaign. INTERVENTIONS: Training session for the IG prior to the 2019/20 flu campaign. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Attitudes towards influenza vaccination in health professionals through the validated CAPSVA questionnaire and the vaccination coverage of pregnant and postpartum women through the Nominal Vaccine Registry and their acceptance of the vaccine in the midwife's office. RESULTS: The influenza vaccination coverage data recorded in Nominal Vaccine Registry for pregnant and puerperal women was 26.4% (n=207) in the IG and 19.7% (n=144) in the CG (p=0.001), with an incidence ratio of 1.34, thus achieving 34% more vaccination in the IG. Acceptance for vaccination in the midwife's office was also high, with 96.5% immunization in IG vs. 89.0% in CG, with a RR=1.09 (95% CI 1.01-1.62). CONCLUSIONS: Joint training strategies for professionals and community assets improve the results of vaccination coverage.

Variability in Healthcare Expenditure According to the Stratification of Adjusted Morbidity Groups in the Canary Islands (Spain).

Morbidity is the main item in the distribution of expenditure on healthcare services. The Adjusted Morbidity Group (AMG) measures comorbidity and complexity and classifies the patient into mutually exclusive clinical categories. The aim of this study is to analyse the variability of healthcare expenditure on users with similar scores classified by the AMG. Observational analytical and retrospective study. Population: 1,691,075 subjects, from Canary Islands (Spain), aged over 15 years with data from health cards, clinical history, Basic Minimum Specialised Healthcare Data Set, AMG, hospital agreements information system and Electronic Prescriptions. A descriptive, bivariant (ANOVA coefficient η2) and multivariant analysis was conducted. There is a correlation between the costs and the weight of AMG (rho = 0.678) and the prescribed active ingredients (rho = 0.689), which is smaller with age and does not exist with the other variables. As for the influence of the AMG morbidity group on the total costs of the patient, the coefficient η2 (0.09) obtains a median effect in terms of the variability of expenditure, hence there is intra- and inter-group variability in the cost. In a first model created with all the variables and the cost, an explanatory power of 36.43% (R2 = 0.3643) was obtained; a second model that uses solely active ingredients, AMG weight, being female and a pensioner obtained an explanatory power of 36.4%. There is room for improvement in terms of predicting the expenditure.

[Prevalence and associated factors of frailty in adults over 70 years in the community]. / Prevalencia y factores asociados de fragilidad en adultos mayores de 70 años en la comunidad.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and analyze the factors associated with frailty syndrome, in adults ≥70 years old, belonging to a health center in Asturias. DESIGN: Observational cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Adults ≥70 years of age. SITE: Health Centre of Llano (Asturias). MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Frailty was defined by the presence of ≥3 criteria of Fried's frailty phenotype. Secondary variables: sociodemographic characteristics, health status, functional status, cognitive-affective status and social risk. A bivariate analysis and logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: Four hundred eight participants were included, with a mean age of 79.8 (SD 6.6), 59.1% female. The prevalence of frailty was 27.7% and 44.9% for pre-frailty. The sociodemographic profile is that of a woman (77%), of high age (>84 years) (50.4%), without studies (65.5%), widow (48.7%) with low economic status (47.8%) and at social risk (OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 2.5-4). Factors that were statistically associated with frailty syndrome were: high comorbidity (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.5-5), polypharmacy (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-3), perception of quality of life with health (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93-0.97), impaired ambulation (OR: 17.9; 95% CI: 7.1-45.3), support for walking (OR: 10.5; 95% CI: 4.7-23.4), high risk of falls (OR: 6.4; 95% CI: 3.8-10.8), ABVD (OR: 4; 95% CI: 2.4-6.6), AIVD (OR: 9.7; 95% CI: 4.7-20), disability (OR: 37.7; 95% CI: 52.2-274.5), cognitive impairment (OR: 4.1; 95% CI: 1.8-9.3) and depression (OR: 4.8; 95% CI: 2.7-8.7). CONCLUSIONS: Frailty is a multifactorial syndrome, with a high prevalence in those over 70 years of age, in which, in addition to Fried's criteria of frailty, aspects of health, functional, cognitive-affective and social status must be analyzed.

Prevention of pressure injuries in critically ill children: A preliminary evaluation.

AIMS: To evaluate a prevention strategy implemented to reduce incidence and severity of positioning related pressure injuries affecting pediatric patients in a pediatric critical care unit. Secondary objective was to evaluate compliance with preventive recommendations. BACKGROUND: The skin in infants or children has important physiological and anatomical differences compared with adults. Further, factors such as the immaturity of the skin and limited activity and mobility in pediatric critical care unit, along with the pressure exerted by medical devices, increases the risk of pressure ulcers in infants and children. The most effective preventive measures specific to this intensive care population need to be evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Quasi-experimental before-after study with consecutive sampling. The effectiveness of the care bundle implementation was evaluated based on the latest evidence (intervention group) versus the application of non-standardized care (control group). Pediatric patients up to 14 years old at risk of suffering from pressure injuries and who were admitted more than 48 h in a pediatric intensive care unit (level III) participated. For the collection of data, two computer programs and the hospital clinical records of each participant were consulted. The data collection period was 6 months per group (pre and post intervention). RESULTS: A sample of 110 patients was obtained (50 control group and 60 intervention group). The cumulative incidence in pediatric patients exposed to the risk of pressure injuries was reduced from 16% to 13.3%; and in the subgroup of patients with prolonged stay (≥28 days), the incidence was reduced from 55.55% to 20%. In the intervention group, category III and IV pressure ulcers were completely reduced. In addition, the total number of pressure injuries decreased by 21.43%. The care bandle recommendations with the highest level of adhesion recorded were: skin inspection, application of hyperoxygenated fatty acids and use of a special support surface. The main risk factor found during the study was the prone position (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The application of a care bundle for prevention can be an effective solution to reduce the number and severity of LPPs in an intensive care unit. The most vulnerable subgroup of patients may benefit from the application of these resources.

Effectiveness of an Evidence-Based Practice educational intervention with second-year nursing students.

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on the knowledge, skills and attitudes of evidence-based practice among second-year nursing students. METHOD: a quasi-experimental before-and-after study. The study population consisted of 120 students enrolled in the Nursing Care in Healthcare Processes course. The educational intervention was based on theoretical and practical classes about the evidence-based practice process and the use of the critical incident technique during the clinical clerkship. Effectiveness was measured with the Evidence-Based Practice Competence Questionnaire in three paired measures using repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: the mean scores of the Evidence-Based Practice Competence Questionnaire were 79.83 (CI 95% 78.63-81.03) for the basal measurement, 84.53 (CI 95% 83.23-85.83) for the intermediate measurement, and 84.91 (CI 95% 83.26-86.55) for the final measurement, with a statistically significant difference among the three paired measurements (p<0.001). There were statistically significant differences in Attitudes (p = 0.034) and Knowledge (p <0.001) but not in Skills (p = 0.137). CONCLUSION: this educational intervention based on theoretical and practical classes about the evidence-based practice process and the use of the critical incident technique during the clinical clerkship enhances evidence-based practice competence among second-year nursing degree students.

Psychosocial and behavioural factors in the regulation of weight: Self-regulation, self-efficacy and locus control. / Factores psicosociales y conductuales en la regulación del peso: autorregulación, autoeficacia y locus control☆.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the relationship and behaviour of the variables of self-control, self-efficacy and locus control in weight regulation of obese, overweight and normal weight adults. METHOD: Transversal study undertaken in the Health Centre of El Coto (Gijón) from 1st April to 30th July 2015. PARTICIPANTS: Subjects between 18-65 years of age with a body mass index recording within the last two years. EXCLUSIONS: serious medical illness, eating disorders or pregnant women. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Behavioural variables: self-regulation of body weight (Inventory of self-control of body weight), perceived self-efficacy in weight regulation (Inventory of perceived self-efficacy in weight regulation) and locus control in weight regulation (Inventory of locus control in weight regulation). Anthropometric variables: weight (kg) and height (m), body mass index. RESULTS: One hundred and six participants were included: 32 were obese, 28 overweight and 46 normal weight. Significant differences were found between the 3 study groups for total scale of self-efficacy (F=61.77; p<.01), total scale of self-regulation (F=45.97; p<.01), internal locus control (F=13.92; p=.019), other weighty influences of locus control (F=9.21; p<.01) and random locus control (F=3.50; p=.011). CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between body mass index and behavioural variables of self-efficacy, self-regulation and locus control, suggests the need for healthcare professionals to include psychological factors of behaviour in any preventive action and intervention directed at weight control.

Comparative analysis of the psychometric parameters of two quality-of-life questionnaires, the SGRQ and CAT, in the assessment of patients with COPD exacerbations during hospitalization: A multicenter study.

The aim of this study was to assess health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to discuss the different tools available for its assessment. The most widely used assessments are the St. George respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) and the COPD assessment test (CAT) questionnaire. Both have a different difficulty in exam completion, calculation, and scoring. No studies exist that analyze the validity and internal consistency of using both questionnaires on patients admitted to the hospital for a COPD exacerbation. A multicenter, cross-sectional analytic observational study of patients admitted to the hospital due to a COPD exacerbation (CIE 491.2). During their hospital stay, they were administered the SGRQ and the CAT questionnaire within the framework of a therapeutic education program (APRENDEPOC). Descriptive and comparative analysis, correlations between the scales (Pearson's correlation index), consistency and reliability calculations (Cronbach's α), and a forward stepwise multiple linear regression were performed, with significant correlations in both questionnaires considered p < 0.01 with the total scores. A statistical significance of p < 0.05 was assumed. Altogether, 231 patients were admitted for a COPD exacerbation ( n = 77) at Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (HCB) and ( n = 154) at Hospital Universitario General of Castellón (HUGC). The sample profile was not homogeneous between both centers, with significant differences in HRQL between hospitals. Correlation were noted between both scales ( p < 0.01), along with high levels of internal consistency and reliability (CAT 0.836 vs. SGRQ 0.827). The HRQL is related to dyspnea, wheezing, daytime drowsiness, and edema, as well as to the need to sleep in a sitting position, anxiety, depression, and dependence on others in the execution of daily activities. Our regression analysis showed that the SGRQ questionnaire could predict more changes in HRQL with a higher number of variables.

Effectiveness of an Evidence-Based Practice educational intervention with second-year nursing students / Eficácia de uma intervenção educativa de Prática Baseada em Evidências com estudantes do segundo ano de enfermagem / Eficacia de una intervención educativa de Práctica Basada en la Evidencia en estudiantes de segundo año de enfermería

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on the knowledge, skills and attitudes of evidence-based practice among second-year nursing students. Method: a quasi-experimental before-and-after study. The study population consisted of 120 students enrolled in the Nursing Care in Healthcare Processes course. The educational intervention was based on theoretical and practical classes about the evidence-based practice process and the use of the critical incident technique during the clinical clerkship. Effectiveness was measured with the Evidence-Based Practice Competence Questionnaire in three paired measures using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: the mean scores of the Evidence-Based Practice Competence Questionnaire were 79.83 (CI 95% 78.63-81.03) for the basal measurement, 84.53 (CI 95% 83.23-85.83) for the intermediate measurement, and 84.91 (CI 95% 83.26-86.55) for the final measurement, with a statistically significant difference among the three paired measurements (p<0.001). There were statistically significant differences in Attitudes (p = 0.034) and Knowledge (p <0.001) but not in Skills (p = 0.137). Conclusion: this educational intervention based on theoretical and practical classes about the evidence-based practice process and the use of the critical incident technique during the clinical clerkship enhances evidence-based practice competence among second-year nursing degree students.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a eficácia de uma intervenção educativa sobre os conhecimentos, competências e atitudes da prática baseada em evidências em estudantes do segundo ano do curso de enfermagem. Método: estudo quase-experimental, antes e depois. A população do estudo foi composta por 120 estudantes matriculados na cadeira de Cuidados de Enfermagem em Processos de Assistência Médica. A intervenção educativa foi baseada em aulas teóricas e práticas sobre o processo da prática baseada em evidências e o uso da técnica do incidente crítico durante o estágio clínico. A eficácia foi medida com o Questionário de Competências de Práticas Baseadas em Evidências em três medidas pareadas usando análise de variância de medidas repetidas. Resultados: os escores médios do Questionário de Competências da Prática Baseada em Evidências foram 79,83 (IC95% 78,63-81,03) para a medição basal, 84,53 (IC95% 83,23-85,83) para a medição intermédia e 84,91 (IC95% 83,26-86,55) para a medição final, com uma diferença estatisticamente significante entre as três medidas pareadas (p<0,001). Houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes em Atitudes (p = 0,034) e Conhecimento (p <0,001), mas não em Competências (p = 0,137). Conclusão: esta intervenção educativa baseada em aulas teóricas e práticas sobre o processo de prática baseada em evidências e o uso da técnica do incidente crítico durante o estágio clínico aumenta a competência de prática baseada em evidências em estudantes do segundo ano do curso de enfermagem.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar la efectividad de una intervención educativa de práctica basada en la evidencia sobre los conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes del estudiantado de segundo año del grado en enfermería. Método: estudio cuasi-experimental (antes-después). La población de estudio consistió en 120 estudiantes inscritos en el curso de Cuidados de Enfermería en los Procesos de Atención Sanitaria. La intervención educativa se basó en clases teóricas y prácticas sobre el proceso de práctica basada en la evidencia y el uso de la técnica de incidentes críticos durante las rotaciones clínicas. La efectividad se midió con el Cuestionario de Competencia en Práctica Basada en la Evidencia por medio de tres medidas pareadas y utilizando el análisis de varianza de medidas repetidas. Resultados: las puntuaciones medias del Cuestionario de Competencia en Práctica Basada en la Evidencia fueron 79,83 (IC 95% 78,63-81,03) para la medición basal, 84,53 (IC 95% 83,23-85,83) para la medición intermedia, y 84,91 (IC 95% 83,26-86,55) para la medición final, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las tres medidas pareadas (p <0,001). Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en Actitudes (p = 0,034) y Conocimientos (p <0,001), pero no en Habilidades (p = 0,137). Conclusión: la intervención educativa basada en clases teóricas y prácticas sobre el proceso de práctica basada en la evidencia y el uso de la técnica de incidentes críticos durante las rotaciones clínicas mejoran la competencia en práctica basada en la evidencia en estudiantes de segundo año de enfermería.

Cuestionario para medir la participación de los profesionales de enfermería en la tutela de estudiantes / Questionário para medir a participação dos profissionais de enfermagem na tutela de estudantes / Questionnaire to Measure the Participation of Nursing Professionals in Mentoring Students

Objective. The aim herein was to validate a questionnaire to measure the level of participation of clinical nursing professionals in the mentorship of nursing students during clinical practices. Methods. Design and validation of a questionnaire. The psychometric properties of the tool were determined through four phases: 1- literature review; 2- evaluation of content validity; 3- pilot test, cognitive pretest and intra-observer reliability study; 4- construct validity study through an exploratory factor analysis of main components with varimax rotation in a sample of 249 nursing professionals from primary care and hospital care from different Spanish provinces. The internal consistency was studied with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results. The global content validity was above 0.8. The final version of the questionnaire had 33 items, with a global intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.852 and Cronbach's alpha of 0.837. Factor analysis explained 55.4% of the total variance, with a solution of five factors that made up the dimensions: Implication, Motivation, Satisfaction, Obstacles, and Commitment. Conclusion. The questionnaire evaluated has adequate validity and reliability to permit determining the level of nurse participation in the mentorship of students. (AU)

Objetivo. Validar un cuestionario para medir el nivel de participación de los profesionales de enfermería clínicos en la tutela de estudiantes de enfermería durante las prácticas clínicas. Métodos. Diseño y validación de un cuestionario. Se determinaron las propiedades psicométricas de la herramienta mediante cuatro fases: 1- revisión de la literatura; 2- evaluación de la validez de contenido; 3- prueba piloto, pretest cognitivo y estudio de la fiabilidad intraobservador; 4-, estudio de validez de constructo mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio de componentes principales con rotación varimax en una muestra de 249 profesionales de enfermería de atención primaria y de atención hospitalaria de diferentes provincias españolas. La consistencia interna se estudió con el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Resultados. La validez de contenido global fue superior a 0.8. La versión final del cuestionario fue de 33 ítems, con un CCI global de 0.852 y un alfa de Cronbach de 0.837. El análisis factorial explicó el 55.4% de varianza total, con una solución de cinco factores que formaron las dimensiones Implicación, Motivación, Satisfacción, Obstáculos y Compromiso. Conclusión. El cuestionario evaluado tiene validez y fiabilidad adecuadas que permite determinar el nivel de participación de las enfermeras en la tutela de estudiantes. (AU)

Objetivo. Validar um questionário para medir o nível de participação dos profissionais de enfermagem clínicos na tutela de estudantes de enfermagem durante as práticas clínicas. Métodos. Desenho e validação de um questionário. Se determinaram as propriedades psicométricas da ferramenta mediante quatro fases: 1- revisão da literatura; 2- avaliação da validez de conteúdo; 3- prova piloto, pré-teste cognitivo e estudo da fiabilidade intra-observador; 4-, estudo de validez de construto mediante uma análise fatorial exploratório de componentes principais com rotação varimax numa amostra de 249 profissionais de enfermagem de atenção primária e de atenção hospitalar de diferentes províncias espanholas. A consistência interna se estudou com o coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Resultados. A validez de conteúdo global foi superior a 0.8. A versão final do questionário foi de 33 itens, com um CCI global de 0.852 e um alfa de Cronbach de 0.837. A análise fatorial explicou que 55.4% de variância total, com uma solução de cinco fatores que formaram as dimensões; Implicação, Motivação, Satisfação, Obstáculos e Compromisso. Conclusão. O questionário avaliado tem validez e fiabilidade adequadas que permite determinar o nível de participação das enfermeiras na tutela de estudantes. (AU)

"Falls prevention among older people and care providers: protocol for an integrative review".

AIM: To review the evidence about the role of care providers in fall prevention in older adults aged ≥ 65 years, this includes their views, strategies, and approaches on falls prevention and effectiveness of nursing interventions. BACKGROUND: Some fall prevention programmes are successfully implemented and led by nurses and it is acknowledged the vital role they play in developing plans for fall prevention. Nevertheless, there has not been a systematic review of the literature that describes this role and care providers' views on fall's prevention initiatives. DESIGN: A convergent synthesis of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies. The eligibility criteria will be based on participants, interventions/exposure, comparisons, and outcomes for quantitative studies and on population, the phenomena of interest and the context, for qualitative studies. To extract data and assess study qualities members of the research team will work in pairs according to their expertise. The review will follow the guidelines for integrative reviews and the proposed methods will adhere to the PRISMA statement checklist complemented by the ENTREQ framework. As qualitative synthesis are emergent, all procedures and changes in procedure will be documented. DISCUSSION: The review has a constructivist drive as studies that combine methods ought to be paradigmatic driven. Review questions are broad to allow issues emerge and have purposefully left the design flexible to allow for adjustments as the review progresses. The review seeks to highlight the roles that care providers play in fall prevention and their views on fall's prevention initiatives.

Questionnaire to Measure the Participation of Nursing Professionals in Mentoring Students.

OBJECTIVES: The aim herein was to validate a questionnaire to measure the level of participation of clinical nursing professionals in the mentorship of nursing students during clinical practices. METHODS: Design and validation of a questionnaire. The psychometric properties of the tool were determined through four phases: 1- literature review; 2- evaluation of content validity; 3- pilot test, cognitive pretest and intra-observer reliability study; 4- construct validity study through an exploratory factor analysis of main components with varimax rotation in a sample of 249 nursing professionals from primary care and hospital care from different Spanish provinces. The internal consistency was studied with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. RESULTS: The global content validity was above 0.8. The final version of the questionnaire had 33 items, with a global intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.852 and Cronbach's alpha of 0.837. Factor analysis explained 55.4% of the total variance, with a solution of five factors that made up the dimensions: Implication, Motivation, Satisfaction, Obstacles, and Commitment. CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire evaluated has adequate validity and reliability to permit determining the level of nurse participation in the mentorship of students.

[Nursing professionals and health care assistants' perception of patient safety culture in the operating room]. / Percepción de los profesionales de enfermería y auxiliares de enfermería sobre cultura de seguridad del paciente en el área quirúrgica.

OBJECTIVES: To assess nursing professionals and health care assistants' perceptions, opinions and behaviours on patient safety culture in the operating room of a public hospital of the Spanish National Health Service. To describe strengths and weaknesses or opportunities for improvement according to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality criteria, as well as to determine the number of events reported. METHOD: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using the Spanish version of the questionnaire Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. The sample consisted of nursing professionals, who agreed to participate voluntarily in this study and met the selection criteria. A descriptive and inferential analysis was performed depending on the nature of the variables and the application conditions of statistical tests. Significance if p < .05. RESULTS: In total, 74 nursing professionals responded (63.2%). No strengths were found in the operating theatre, and improvements are needed concerning staffing (64.0%), and hospital management support for patient safety (52.9%). A total of 52.3% (n = 65) gave patient safety a score from 7 to 8.99 (on a 10 point scale); 79.7% (n = 72) reported no events last year. The total variance explained by the regression model was 0.56 for "Frequency of incident reporting" and 0.26 for "Overall perception of safety". CONCLUSIONS: There was a more positive perception of patient safety culture at unit level. Weaknesses have been identified, and they can be used to design specific intervention activities to improve patient safety culture in other nearby operating theatres.

Level of involvement of clinical nurses in the evaluation of competence of nursing students.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of involvement of clinical nurses accredited by the Universitat Jaume I (Spain) as mentors of practice (Reference Nurses) in the evaluation of competence of nursing students. METHODOLGY: Cross-sectional study, in which the "Clinical Practice Assessment Manual'' (CPAM) reported by reference 41 nurses (n=55) were analyzed. Four quality criteria for completion were established: with information at least 80% of the required data, the presence of the signature and final grade in the right place. Verification of learning activities was also conducted. Data collection was performed concurrently reference for nurses and teachers of the subjects in the formative evaluations of clinical clerkship period in the matter "Nursing Care in Healthcare Processes ", from March to June 2013. RESULTS: 63% of CPAM were completed correctly, without reaching the quality threshold established (80%). The absence of the signature is the main criteria of incorrect completion (21%). Nine learning activities do not meet the quality threshold set (80%) (p < 0.05). There are significant differences according to clinical units p < 0.05. From the 30 learning activities evaluated in the CPAM, it can be stated that nine of them do not reach the verification threshold established (80%), therefore it cannot be assumed that these activities had been completed by students and evaluated by the RefN throughout the clinical clerkship period. CONCLUSION: The level of involvement of Reference Nurse cannot be considered adequate, although strategies to encourage involvement through collaboration and training must be developed.

Nivel de implicación de enfermeras clínicas en la evaluación de estudiantes de grado en enfermería / Nível de envolvimento de enfermeiras clínicas na avaliação de estudantes de graduação em enfermagem / Level of involvement of clinical nurses in the evaluation of competence of nursing students

Objetivo. Determinar el nivel de implicación de las enfermeras clínicas acreditadas por la Universitat Jaume I (España) como tutoras de prácticas (enfermeras de referencia) en la evaluación de competencias de los estudiantes de enfermería. Metodología.Estudio de corte transversal, en el que se analizaron las “Guías de Evaluación de Prácticas Clínicas” reportadas por 41 enfermeras de referencia (n=55). Se definieron tres criterios de calidad de la cumplimentación: que tenga información al menos del 80% de los datos requeridos, presencia de la firma y calificación final en el lugar adecuado. También se realizó la verificación de las actividades de aprendizaje. La recogida de datos se hizo de forma concurrente por las enfermeras de referencia y el profesorado de las asignaturas en las evaluaciones formativas del periodo de prácticas clínicas tuteladas de la materia “Cuidados de enfermería en procesos asistenciales” de marzo a junio de 2013. Resultados. El 63% de las Guías de Evaluación de Prácticas Clínicas se entregan cumplimentadas correctamente, sin alcanzar el umbral de calidad establecido (80%). La ausencia de la firma es el principal criterio de cumplimentación incorrecta (21%). De las 30 actividades de aprendizaje evaluadas en las guías, puede afirmarse que nueve de ellas no alcanzan el estándar de verificación establecido (80%), de forma que no puede asegurarse que estas actividades hayan sido realizadas por los alumnos y evaluadas por las Enfermeras tutoras a lo largo del periodo de prácticas clínicas. Conclusión. El nivel de implicación de las enfermeras de referencia debe mejorarse y para esto es necesario desarrollar estrategias que fomenten su implicación mediante la colaboración y la formación...

Objective. To determine the level of involvement of clinical nurses accredited by the Universitat Jaume I (Spain) as mentors of practice (Reference Nurses) in the evaluation of competence of nursing students. Methodolgy. Cross-sectional study, in which the "Clinical Practice Assessment Manual” (CPAM) reported by reference 41 nurses (n=55) were analyzed. Four quality criteria for completion were established: with information at least 80% of the required data, the presence of the signature and final grade in the right place. Verification of learning activities was also conducted. Data collection was performed concurrently reference for nurses and teachers of the subjects in the formative evaluations of clinical clerkship period in the matter "Nursing Care in Healthcare Processes ", from March to June 2013. Results. 63% of CPAM were completed correctly, without reaching the quality threshold established (80%). The absence of the signature is the main criteria of incorrect completion (21%). Nine learning activities do not meet the quality threshold set (80%) (p < 0.05). There are significant differences according to clinical units p < 0.05. From the 30 learning activities evaluated in the CPAM, it can be stated that nine of them do not reach the verification threshold established (80%), therefore it cannot be assumed that these activities had been completed by students and evaluated by the RefN throughout the clinical clerkship period. Conclusion. The level of involvement of Reference Nurse cannot be considered adequate, although strategies to encourage involvement through collaboration and training must be developed...

Objetivo. Identificar o nível de envolvimento das enfermeiras clínicas credenciadas pela Universitat Jaume I (Espanha) como tutoras de práticas (enfermeiras de referência) na avaliação de competências dos estudantes de enfermagem. Metodologia. Estudo de corte transversal, no que se analisaram as “Guia de Avaliação de Práticas Clínicas” reportadas por 41 enfermeiras de referência (n=55). Definiram-se quatro critérios de qualidade do preenchimento: que tenha informação pelo menos de 80% dos dados requeridos, presença da assinatura e qualificação final no lugar adequado. Também se realizou a verificação das atividades de aprendizagem. A recolhida de dados se realizou de forma concorrente pelas enfermeiras de referência e o professorado das matérias nas avaliações formativas do período de práticas clínicas tuteladas da matéria “Cuidados de enfermagem em processos assistenciais” de Março a Junho de 2013. Resultados. 63% das Guias de Avaliação se entregam preenchidas corretamente, sem atingir o umbral de qualidade estabelecido (80%). A ausência da assinatura é o principal critério de preenchimento incorreta (21%). Das 30 atividades de aprendizagem avaliadas nas guias, pode afirmar-se que nove delas não atingem o padrão de verificação estabelecido (80%), de forma que não pode assegurar-se que estas atividades tenham sido realizadas pelos alunos e avaliadas pelas Enfermeiras tutoras ao longo do período de práticas clínicas. Conclusão. O nível de envolvimento das enfermeiras de referência deve melhorar-se e para isto é necessário desenvolver estratégias que fomentem seu envolvimento através da colaboração e a formação...

Content validity of the Spanish version of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the content validity of the Iberian Spanish version of the questionnaire The Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) by using the Content Validity Indexing (CVI). METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was conducted. The Spanish version of the questionnaire was translated from the American English instrument through forward and back translation processes. Experts evaluated the translated items through content validity indexing. Once the assessments were completed, CVI indicators were calculated: number of agreements, item Content Validity Index and overall content validity and modified kappa coefficient of the instrument. RESULTS: The overall content validity of the instrument was 0.82. The average modified kappa coefficient of the items was 0.80, with a rating of 'excellent'. Only 4 of the items were rated as weak or poor. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that the content validity of the Spanish version of the PES-NWI is acceptable. Some results indicate that some items have cross-cultural applicability challenges that need to be addressed in future research studies. Use of the instrument in other Spanish language speaking countries should be taken with caution since some words may not reflect the language of the healthcare systems there.

[Research competencies in nursing specialties]. / Competencias de investigación en las especialidades de Enfermería.

Since nursing became an university degree in 1977, there have been several regulations to develop specialties, all of them agreeing on the need to include skills in research. Indeed, the relevance of acquiring these skills in all current disciplines has led to Royal Decree 99/2011, which regulates the official PhD courses, and recognises specialist nurses as qualified to access PhD studies. Nowadays, students from six of the seven specialties included in the Royal Decree 450/2005 on nursing specialties, are performing their training. The acquisition of research skills is seen as an opportunity and a challenge. However, the organizational structure of training facilities (multiprofessional teaching units) and the incorporation of nurses as clinical tutors, who initiated this teaching activity, deserve special attention to ensure the correct acquisition of research skills in the training of specialist nurses.

Simultaneous implementation of the Bachelor, Masters and PhD degrees in nursing in the Universidad Jaume I. Castellón de la Plana, Spain / Implantación simultánea de los niveles Grado, Máster y Doctorado en Enfermería en la Universidad Jaume I. Castellón de la Plana, España / Implantação simultânea dos níveis graduação, mestrado e doutorado em enfermagem na universidade Jaume I. Castellón da Plana, Espanha

We present an experience in Nursing Education, accredited and implemented under the Spanish University System Reform in a Public University (Jaume I, Castellón) which had no previous nursing studies. The academics offered included all three educational levels (Bachelor, Master's and Doctorate), with an integrated theoretical-practical-clinical teaching methodology for the Bachelor Degree, competence acquisition in research in the Master's degree, and a doctorate formed by lines of research in the field of Nursing. Studies are accredited by the National Agency for Quality Assessment, which were authorized by the Spanish Ministry of Education and implanted between 2009 and 2011.

Se presenta una experiencia de Educación en Enfermería acreditada e implantada al amparo de la Reforma del Sistema Universitario Español, en una Universidad pública (Jaume I, Castellón) que no tenía los estudios de Enfermería previos. La oferta académica incluye los tres niveles formativos Grado, Máster y Doctorado, con una metodología docente integrada teórico-práctico-clínica en el nivel Grado, por adquisición de competencias en investigación en nivel Máster y un Doctorado, formados por líneas de investigación del ámbito de la Enfermería. Los estudios se acreditaron por la Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad, los cuales fueron autorizados por el Ministerio de Educación Español y se implantaron entre los años 2009 y 2011.

Se apresenta uma experiência de Educação em Enfermagem credenciada e implantada ao amparo da Reforma do Sistema Universitário Espanhol, numa Universidade pública (Jaume I, Castellón) que não tinha os estudos de Enfermagem prévios. A oferta acadêmica inclui os três níveis formativos Graduação, Mestrado e Doutorado, com uma metodologia docente integrada teórico-prático-clínica no nível Graduação, por aquisição de concorrências em investigação em nível Mestrado e um Doutorado formado por linhas de investigação do âmbito da Enfermagem. Os estudos se credenciaram pela Agência Nacional de Avaliação da Qualidade, foram autorizados pelo Ministério de Educação Espanhol e se implantaram entre os anos 2009 e 2011.